CCIE学习指南--英文版

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Roosevelt Giles, CCl, CNE, MCSE, MCT, and CNX, is president of information Management Systems (IMS), a technology integration company in Atlanta, Georgia that specializes in providing complete CClE training and support. He is a ClSCO Certified Instructor with the following courses: lCWC, ACRC, ATM, C5SC, CLSE, ClD, ClT, SNAM, SNAS, CMTD, lCRC, ClSCO Design Specialist, ClSCO ClP Specialist, Bay Networks, ATM Instructor and Router Specialist, 3Com, and an ATM Certified Instructor. Giles is a frequent speaker at COMDEX, lCA, Computer Measurements Group, and INTEROP, and has authored articles on Internet security, UNlX integration, ATM integration, and electronic commerce for Network VAR magazine.

Chapter 1 Getting Started Congratulations! CClE: An Overvlew What Background Do l Need to Become a CClE? Steps in Becoming a CClE CClE Routlng and Switching Expert The Tests for CClE Routing and Switchlng Expert CClEWAN Switohing Expert TheTests for CClEWAN Swltchlng Expert CClE ISP Dial Expert TheTests for CClE ISP Dial Expert Recertlficatlon for CClEs Gaining the Necessary CiscoTraining Getting the Most from Your Training by Developing Good StI What's Behlnd Certlflcation Requirements? Reglsterlng for the Exam Tips forTaking the Exams StandardTesting Technique WhattoDolfYouFail Conclusion Chapter 2 Data Link Layer-MAC Layer Issues Data Link Layer Addressing Data Llnk Frames MAC Addressing FDDl Addressing Bit OrderTransmlssion Ethernet Archltecture Ethernet Definition Ethernet Transmission Ethernet Reception Full-Duplex Ethernet lEEE 802.2 Data Link Service Summary of Ethernet Frame Formations and Descriptions lEEE 802.3 Frame Format lEEE 802.3 SNAP Frame Format 802.3 Raw Novell Proprietary Frame Format 802.2 LLC Header Addressing Schemes Fast Ethernet Media Access Control Layer Media Independent Interface Layer lOOBASE-TX Physical Layer 100BASE-T4 Physical Layer lOOBASE-FX Physical Layer Wlring Standard Network Diameter Repeater Classes Ethernet Vendor Addresses Token Ring Architecture Token Ring Operation Token Ring Frame Definitions Token Format Token Rlng Addressing Token Ring Functions Token Ring Initiallzation Starting the Ring: The Token Claim Process Operation Frame Transmission Frame Reception Normal Repeat Mode EarlyToken Release Fault Isolation and Software Error Reporting Token Ring Monitors: Malntalnlng the Rlng FDDl Architecture Baslc FDDl Characteristics FDDl Timers and Frame Formats Connection Establishment Ring Initialization Neighbor Notification and Duplicate Address Check Normal Operation FDDl Management Summary Address Summary Token Ring Architecture Summary FDDl Architecture Summary Data Link Layer Study Questions Chapter 3 Logical Link Control Layer Issues MAC and LLC Layers LLC Type 2 Operation Connection-Oriented LLC2-Asynchronous Balance Mode Frame Formats SAP Addressing Sequencing of Data (LLC2) Timer Functions Connection-Oriented Services of the lEEE 802.2 Protocol Details of LLC Type 2 Operation LLC2 Frame Receptton A Live Connectlon LLCType 1 Operatlon Informatlon Transfer SNAP Logical Link Control Layer Study Questlons Bridging and LAN Swltchlng Bridging Advantages How Bridges Work MAC Bridge Frame Formats . Transparent Brldglng Spannlng Tree Algorithm How STB Works Shaping the Spanning Tree Clsco Transparent Brldglng Features Source-Route Brldglng (SRB) How Source Routing Works Source Route Trafflc Overhead Parallel Brldges and Load Balanclng Route Determination Cisco Source Route Bridglng Source Route Brldglng Features Remote Source-Route Brldglng DLSw+ SRB Summary Source Route Transparent The SRT Solution SRT BRlDGlNG About SRT Source-Route Transparent Bridging Features Translational and Encapsulation Brldging Translational Bridging Encapsulation Bridglng Translation from Token Ring Frames to Ethernet Translation from Ethernet Frames to Token Rlng Bridging Study Questions Transparent Bridging Source-Routing Bridging Source Route Transparent Other Reference Materials NetBlOS Architecture NetBlOS Names What Are NetBlOS Services? NetBlOS General Service Commands Naming Services What Is a NetBIOS Session? NetBIOS Datagram Services NBF and Sessions NetBEUI and the OSI Model LLC Sublayer Connectionless Trafflc Connection-Oriented Traffic Adaptlve Slidlng Window Protocol LinkTimers NetBIOS Session Tlmers NetBEUI on a Multisegmented Token Ring LAN Cisco NetBIOS support NetBIOS Name Caching NetBIOS BroadcastThrottling NetBIOS Broadcast Damplng NetBIOS Datagram Broadcast Handllng Broadcast Reduction Name Caching NetBIOS Cache Aging Statically Conflgured NetBIOS Names NetBIOS Study Questions lapter 6 Working with AppleTalk Cisco Systems AppleTalk Routing Data Link and Physical Layers Llnk-Access Protocols Data Links AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP) AppleTalk AARP Addressing Network Layer DDP Protocol Packet Layout What Is an AppleTalk Network Number? AppleTalk Phase 1 Architecture AppleTalk Phase 2 Architecture Integrating AppleTalk Phase 1 and 2 Transport Layer Routing Table Maintenance Protocol AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol Name Binding Protocol Header Descriptions What Is an AppleTalk Zone? Zone Informatlon Protocol ASP Session Protocol Printer Access Protocol (PAP) Presentation Layer Protocols AppleTalk Filing Protocol Cisco Enhancements to Standard AppleTalk Services Security AppleTalk CCIE Study Questions Chapter 7 Working With Novell NetWare Building the Directory Framework Directory Loglcal Structure MAC ATM MAC Header Data Link Frames and Frame Types FDDl SNAP NetWare Layer 3 Support IPX Addressing Host Number Network Number Socket Number Checksum Length Transport Control PacketType Destlnatlon Network Destination Host Node Destinatlon Socket Source Network Source Node Source Socket Novell IPX Routing Information Protocol (RlP) Distance-Vector Algorithms Clsco lOS IPX RoutingTable Client and Router Interaction IPX RlP Interval Multiple Routes IPX and Spllt Horizon IPX Static Routing Configurable RlP Tlmers Novell Burst Mode Architecture Novell Burst Mode Sequence Number NLSP: A Link-State Routlng Protocol Llnk-State Databases NLSP Addressing NLSP Advantages Level 1 LSP NLSP Management Information Link-State Information Servlces Information External Routes Header IPX Level l Hello Packet CSNP Header Service Advertising Protocol SAP Header Format and Fields Cisco Static SAP Tables Clsco Conflgurable SAP Timers Servlce Advertising Protocol IPX SAP Interval SPX Architecture Large Packets SPX Packet Format SPX Header Description SPX Acknowledgment Packets SPX Connectlon Management Packets Connection Management Sesslon Termination SPXWatehdog Algorithm Sesslon Watchdog during Connection Establishment Windowing Algorithm Managlng Sequence and Acknowledge Numbers Acknowledgments Extensive Error-Recovery Mechanlsms Data Packet Timeout Window Slze Congestlon Control Algorithm NetWare Core Protocol NCP Header Descrlptions NCP Functlon Codes NetBlOS over IPX IPXVersion l.O Connection Establishment The Shell Program IPX Protocol Deslgn Worksheet Novell IPX PROTOCOLWORKSHEET Novell IPX RlPWORKSHEET Novell SAPWORKSHEET Novell IPX WAN DESlGN WORKSHEET NOVELL NLSP DESlGN WORKSHEET Novell CClE Study Questions Chapter 8 TCP/lP Architecture Overview Internet Protocol (IP) IP Datagrams IP Addresses Address Classes Summary of IP Address Classes Classless InterDomain Routing (ClDR) Subnetting Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) IP Addressing and Subnetting Exercises ARP Architecture ARP: Frame Encapsulation ARP: Header Format Proxy ARP Reverse ARP ARP Features OHCP Protocol Architecture DHCP Scopes DHCP Relay. Conflguratlon Parameters Network Address Allocatlon Client-Server Protocol Constructlng and Sendlng DHCP Messages DHCP Server Controls DHCP Server Behavlor DHCP Cllent Behavlor Appllcatlons and Beneflts Managlng DNS DHCP in a Swltohed Network TCP/lP Networks Easler to Conflgure Internet Control Message Protocol (lCMP) lCMP Encapsulation lCMP Header Format Echo Request (Type 8) or Echo Reply Message (Type 0) IP Flelds Destination Unreachable Message Souroe Quench Message lCMP Flelds Redirect Message IPFlelds lCMP Fields Tlme Exceeded Message IP Fields lCMP Fields Parameter Problem Message IP Flelds lCMP Fields Tlmestamp Request orTimeIstamp Reply Message IP Fields ICMP Fields Informatlon Request or Informatlon Reply Message IP Flelds lCMP Fields Address Mask Request or Address Mask Reply Message TCP Protocol Overview Full-Duplex Operation Sequence Numbers Window Size and Bufferlng Round-Trlp Time Estimatlon Header Format Sequence Numbers Initlal Sequence Number Selection Establishing a connection The Communication of Urgent Information Managlng the Wlndow User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP and the ISO Model UDP Header Encapsulation NetBlOSoverTCP/lP Interface to Application Programs NetBlOS Scope NetBlOS End-Nodes NetBlOS Support Servers NetBlOS Name Server (NBNS) Nodes Relationship of NetBlOS Support Servers and B Nodes Topologies Retransmisslon of Requests Requests without Responses: Demands Transaction ID TCP and UDP Foundatlons Representation of NetBlOS Names First Level Encoding Second Level Encoding NetBlOS Name Service Name Registration (Claim) Narne Query (Discovery) Name Release Explicit Release NetBlOS Session Service Overview of NetBlOS Session Service Session Establishment Phase Overview NetBlOS Datagram Service NetBlOS Datagrams by B Nodes NetBlOS Datagrams by P and M Nodes Cisco's TCP/IP Optlons Access Restrictions Multivendor Tunneling IP Multicast Support Routing Protocol Update Suppression Administrative Distance Routing Protocol Redistribution Serverless Network Support Network Monitoring and Debugging Summary TCP/lP CClE Study Questions ter 9 Routing Information Protocol (RlP) RlP Limitations Split Horizon Triggered Updates Route States UP GARBAGE COLLECTlON Hold-Down RlPvl Commands Addressing Considerations RlPTimers RlP Header Format and Fields RlP Summary Route Tag Subnet Mask Next Hop Queries Authentlcation Larger Infinity Securlty Conslderations When Should l Choose RlPvl over RlPv2? TCP/lP RlP Routing Protocol Design Checkllst RlP Study Questions Chapter lO Interior Gateway Routing Protocol and Enhanced IGRP IGRP Stability Features Timers IGRP Header Format Description Enhanced IGRP PacketTypes NelghborTables Topology Tables Route States Route Tagglng Compatlblllty wlth IGRP Clsco IGRP Deslgri Worksheet IGRP ElGRP Study Questions Chapter l l Open Shortest Path First The Shortest-Path Tree OSPF Topology Area Partitioning OSPF Router Classes OSPF Network Support Virtual Links Hierarchical Routing Stub Areas OSPF Concepts Nelghbors Designated Router Adjacency Flooding Dijkstra Algorithm Routing Protocol Packets OSPF Message Header The Hello Protocol Designated Router Electing the DR Oatabase Descrlptlon Packets Llnk State Request Packets Llnk State Update Packets Router Link State Advertlsements Network LSAs Summary LSAs Autonomous System External LSAs OSPF Routing Protocol Deslgn Worksheet OSPF Study Questions Chapter 12 Border Gateway Protocol How BGP Works Routes: Advertisement and Storage Routing Information Bases Operatlonal Features BGP Message Header Format OPEN Message Fprmat UPDATE Message Format KEEPALlVE Message Format NOTlFlCATlON Message Format BGP Error Handling Connection colllslon detection BGP Version Negotlation BGP Flnlte State Machine Decision Process Breaklng Tles (Phase 2) Phase 3; Route Dissemination Overlapplng Routes Update-Send Process Internal Updates Breaking Tles (Internal Updates) External Updates Origlnating BGP routes BGP CClE Study Questions Chapter 13 Data Link Switchlng (DLSw) Background Objectlve of DLSw Common Method for Transport of SNA over TCP/lP Overview of DLSw Transport Connection Address Parameters DLSw Operatlons Correlators MessageTypes DLSw State Machine Explorer Trafflc Largest Frame Slze Fleld Capabillties Exchange Formats/Protocol Control Vector ID Range Control Vector Order and Continulty Initial Capablllties Exchange Run-Tlme Capabilitles Exchange Capabllltles Exchange Flltering Responslbllitles DLSw Capabilities Exchange Structured Subflelds Vendor ID (0x81) Control Vector DLSw Version (0x82) Control Vector Inltial Paclng Window (0x83) Control Vector Verslon String (0384) Control Vector MAC Address Excluslvlty (0385) Control Vector SAP Llst Support (0386) Control Vector TCP Connectlons (0387) Control Vector NetBlOS Name Excluslvlty (0388) Control Vector MAC Address List (0389) Control Vector NetBlOS Name Llst (038A) Control Vector Vendor Context (038B) Control Vector Capablllties Exchange Responses Flow and Congestion Control Clsco DLSw Implementations Standard Data Llnk Swltchlng Cisco DLSW+ Enhancements Port/Rlng Lists Peer Group Concept Prlorltlzatlon Summary SNA, DLSw, Stun, SDLLC, and ClP Study Questions Chapter 14 ATM Architecture ATM Beneflts User-Network Interface Configuration User-Network tnterface Protocol Architecture Physical Layer The SONET Physlcal Layer DS3 Physlcal Layer Other Physlcal Layers Rate Decoupllng ATM Layerand ATM Cells ATM CellHeader GFC vpvvci PT CLP HEC ATM Cell Information Field AAL Service Attributes Classified AAL Protocol Structure Defined ATM Adaptation Layer AAL1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Servlces AAL 2: Variable Bit Rate (VBR?Timing Sensltive Servlces AAL3/4 AAL5: Simple and Efficient Adaptations Layer Control Plane Overview Layer Management Management Plane Signaling and Routing in the Control Plane Use of Signaling Protocols Control Plane Addressing and Routing Defined ATM Layer Addressing ATM Signaling and Addressing Private Networks NSAP-Based Address Format Signaling AAL User-Network Interface Signaling Signaling ATM Adaptatlon Layer Signaling Virtual Channel Signaling Setup Description Signaling Messages and Information Elements Signaling Procedures ATM Connection Setup Sending Data to Multiple Receivers Multiplexlng among Different ATM Connectlons Generlc Functions QoS, Network Performance, and Cell Loss Prlority ATM Quallty of Service ATM Service Categories ATM Traffic Management Permanent Virtual Connectlons Swltched Virtual Connections Connectlon Admlsslon Control Routing VBR/ABR Bandwidth Cell Loss Priority Trafflc Shaping Trafflc Policing Congestlon Control ABRTraffic UBRTraffic Network-Node Interface Signaling ATM Forum Interlm Interswltch Signallng Protocol ATM Forum's Routing Protocol PNNl Archltecture PNNl Introductlon Network Addresslng Phllosophy PNNl Protocol Between Switohes PNNl Routing Hierarchy and Topology Aggregation PNNl Hello Protocol Database Synchronlzatlon PNNl Topology Descrlptlon and Dlstrlbution Supported Metrlcs and Attrlbutes References ARP 1577 Accommodatlng IP wlth ATM ARP ATMARP and InATMARP Packet Format RFC 1577 Cllent Connectlon Setup LAN Emulatlon Overvlew LAN-Speclflc Characterlstics To Be Emulated Emulated LANs Architectural Overview Basic Concepts Arohitectural Perspectlve Layer Interfaces LAN Emulation User to Network Interface (LUNl) LAN Emulatlon Components Data Connections Emulated LAN Functions Inltlalizatlon Initial State LECS Connect Phase Configuration Phase Joln Phase Inltlal Reglstratlon Connecting to the BUS Initlalization Phases, Recovery, and Termination Reglstration Address Resolutlon LANE Connection Management LAN Emulation Frame Formats Data Frame Encoding of Ethernet/lEEE 802.3 Type/Length Fields LE Control Frames Initlal State-LANE Servlce Architecture LECS Connect Phase Flnding at Least One LECS Conflguration Phase Configure Request Conflguratlon-LE Servlce View Configuratlon Response Frame-Parameter Encodlngs Configuratlon Frames Configuratlon Response Frame-Parameter Encodings Joln Phase Join Frames Connecting to the BUS Protocol and Procedures LANE Registratlon Process LANE Address Resolution Protocol Local Management Directlves Address Resolutlon Frames Flush Message Protocol, Procedures, and Frame Formats Flush Message Protocol and Procedures Optlonal Protocol Flush Frames Usage of ATM Addresses LE Conflguratlon Server ATM Addresses LANE Client Setup Example Finding the LECS Joinlng an Emulated LAN ATM Study Questions ATM Show Commands Chapter l 5 Wide Area Networking Frame Relay Architecture Reduced Internetworklng Costs Increased Performance with Reduced Network Complexlty Increased Interoperability via Internatlonal Standards How Frame Relay Works Inverse Address Resolution Protocol Elements of Frame Relay Frame Relay and the OSl Model Levels of Frame Relay Frame Relay Network Local Management Interface (LMl) Bandwldth on Demand Cisco's Implementatlon of Frame Relay X.25 Module PACKET SWlTCHlNG X.25 LEVELS Physical Level X.21 Digital Interface X.25 Data Llnk Layer Operatlons Hlgh-Level Data Link Control X.25's Llnk Access Procedure-Balanced Satellite Servlce and Modulo 128 Configurable Network Parameters Flag Fleld Address Field Control Fleld Information Fleld FCS Packet Level Non-X.25 Devlces Packet Assemblers/DIsassemblers (PADS) X.25 Protocols Dlal X.25 (Recommendatlon X.32) X.25 Internetworking (Recommendatlon X.75) Vlrtual Circuits and Loglcal Channels Packet Formats Identlfylng Types of Packets The MaJor Categories of x.25 Packets Call Refusals Data Transfers in VIrtual Calls Call Colllslon and Resolutlon Interruption wlthout Call Clearlng Terminating a Vlrtual Call Packet Layer Flow Control Control Packets for Abnormal Condltions Diagnostic Packets and Unrecoverable Errors Network LayerTimers Packet Layer State Diagrams X.25 States, Error Handling, and the Frame Relay Approach X.25 Virtual Interfaces Connection-Mode Network Service Quallfled Logical Link Control Support Defense Data Network and Blacker Front End X..25 ISDN Architecture Servlce Types ISDN and the OSI Reference Model Cisco's Implementatlon Functional Devices and Reference Polnts ISDN Functional Devices ISDN Reference Points Layer 2 of ISDN Network Level-Signal Protocol (Layer 3) Layer 3 of ISDN(Q.931) Network Layer Message Format Example of an ISDN Call ISDN Applications Prlmary Line Backup Dial on Demand Telecommuting ISDN Features ISDN Security Frame Relay Study Questlons X.25 Study Questions ISDN CCIE Study Questions Answer Key Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Appendlx A Appendix B References Index