演讲英语

本书编写过程中参考了多种英语原版书籍。作者力求简明扼要，行文流畅，以适合本书设想的英语学习者的水平。本书首先就英语演讲的特点加以概要的描写，将其与口语交际中的其他方式，如对话，做了对比。接着对演讲的结构，即各个组成部分进行较详细的分析。并在语言运用、修辞风格、谋篇布局等方面引用了不少精彩的实例加以阐释。如何准备演讲，如何发表演讲是本书另外两个重要内容。知道说什么未必知道怎样说。人们由于表达方式不当而被误解以至陷入窘境的教训并不少见。因此“怎样说”有时显得更为重要。在这方面本书也介绍了许多方法和技巧，既有语言的也有非语言的。例如，选定题目，搜集资料，起草提纲，模拟演练以及演讲时的体态、手势、表情、声音的控制等方面都在讨论范围之内。

CHAPTER I AN OVERVIEW 总论 WHY STUDY PUBLIC SPEAKING Gain favorable recognition Become more confident and establish a more positive attitude Realize potential Improve English EVERYONE CAN BE A PUBLIC SPEAKER Choose the proper topic Prepare thoroughly Believe that most listeners are not fault-finding Assume that at the worst you are as nervous as other speakers Commit yourself to the speech Know the theory and practice hard Tips for overcoming stage frighf PUBLIC SPEAKING AS COMMUNICATION Communication and language Basic qualities Of language VARIETIES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING InfOrmative SPeech Persuasive SPeech' Entertaining Speech StimuIating Speech' Four types of delivery COMPONENTS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING The Introduction The Body The Conclusion PROCEDURES OF SPEECH PREPARATION Deciding on a topic Collecting Materials Organizing Materials Outlining Rehearsal SPEAKER SKETCH Cicero CHAPTER Ⅱ PREPARING THE SPEECH 演讲的准备 DETERMINING THE TOPIC AND PURPOSE General Purpose and Specific Purpose Knowing yourself Knowing the audlence Knowing the occasion COLLECTING MAThRIAL ORGANIZING MATERIAL Determine the Points Arrange the Points The chronological Pattern The sPatial Pattern The process Pattern The Chuse-dect pattern The problem-solution Pattern The topical pattern OUTLINING THE SPEECH Preparation Outline Key-word Outline Sample Study SPEECHES GIVEN ON SOME SPECIAL OCCASION The Speech of Introduction Adapt to the speaking s1tuation Be brief Be proPer and sincere The Speech of Welcome Introduce or identde the newcomer Compliment the welcomed Mention the reason brithe Extend,iordial welcome at the end The Speech of ResPOnse to a Welcome Identify the group you are responding to Extend your appreciation or thanks Express your hope or determination The Speech of Farewe1l Regrets about leaving Respect for the group you are leaving Hope for future contacts Farewell to the group SPEAKER SKETCH Abraham Lincoln CHAPTER Ⅲ BEGINNING AND ENDING THE SPEECH 演讲的引言与结尾 ANALYSIS OF THE INTRODUCTION The Function of the introduction Rerml the topic Of pour speech Get the attention and interest of the audience. Establish a favorable relationship with the audience Provide background information Tips for preparing the introduction Sample study ANALYSIS OF THE CONCLUSIoN The Function of the Conclusion Signal the end Reemphasize the central idea Tips for preparing the conclusion Sample Study SPEAKER SKETCH Martin Luther King, Jr. CHAPTER N SUPPORTING IDEAS 支持要点 ILLUSTRATION OR EXAMPLE The function of illustration Tips for using illustration Sample study STATISTICS The function of statistics Tips for using statistics Sample study TESTIMONY The function of testimony Tips for using testimony Sample study COMPANISON The Literal Comparison The Figurative Comparison Sample Study CONTRAST The Function of Contrast Sample Study EXPLANTION The Function of Explanation Sample Study SUPPORTING IDEAS WITH EMOTlONAL PROOFS The Function of Emotional Proofs Sample Study SPEAKER SKETCH John F. Kennedy CHAPTER V LANUAGE CHOICE 语言选择 ORAL CHARACTERISTICS Personal and direct Instantly Understandable USING LANGUANE EFFECTIVELY Clarity and Simplicity Appropriateness Vividness and Impressiveness Denotative Meaning and Connotative Meaning Synonyms Transitions Sample Transitions FIGURES OF SPEECH Simile Metaphor Personlficat1on Antlthesis Climax Understatement Synecdoche Metonymy A1literation OnomatoPOeia OTHER KINDS OF RHETORICAL DEVICES Parallelism Word Repetition Rhetorical Question Periodic Sentence REPETITION OF A SINGLE WORD IN ROOSEVELTS INAUGURAL ADDRESSES CHAPTER Ⅵ DELIVERY 表达 FOUR KINDS OF DELIVERY Reading from a Manuscript Reciting from Memory Impromptu Speaking Extemporaneous Speaking THE IMPORTANCE OF DELIVERY The Importance of Delivery The features of effective delivery Adapted to the whole speaking situation Both audible and visible Confident Sincere and enthusiaslic Tips for delivery VISIBLE CODE The Function of Visible Code The Components of Visible Code Personal Appeu ra nce Facial Expression Eye Contact Posture Movement Gestures AUDIBLE CODE Improve Your Voice Speech Sound Production Breathing Tips for Protecting and Improuing Your Make Best Use of Your Voice Volume Rate Pause Varlety Clarlty Pronunciation PRACTICE AND REHEARSAL Rehearsal Other Kinds of Praclice APPENDIX 附录 REFERENCE BOOKS 参考书目