Effective Java

Joshua Bloch是Google公司的首席Java构架师，也是Jolt图书大奖的获得者。他曾是Sun公司的杰出工程师和Transarc公司的高级系统设计师。Bloch带领着他的优秀团队，设计和实现过无数的Java平台特性，包括JDK5．0语言增强版和获奖的Java Collections Framework。

本书介绍了在java编程中78条经典的、实用性极高的经验规则，这些经验规则可以帮助开发人员来解决每天都有可能面对的大多数问题。书中对java平台设计专家所使用的技术的介绍，揭示了如何事半功倍地的编写清晰、健壮和高效的代码。本书是经典图书effective java的第2版，涵盖了java 5中的重要变化，并删除了一些过时的内容。本书所介绍的每条规则，都以简明易懂的语言来阐释，并通过示例代码进一步加以说明。 本书内容翔实，层次分明，是一本可以帮助技术人员更深层次理解java的参考用书。

1　introduction 　1 2　creating and destroying objects　5 item 1: consider static factory methods instead of constructors　5 item 2: consider a builder when faced with many constructor parameters　11 item 3: enforce the singleton property with a private constructor or an enum type　17 item 4: enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor　19 item 5: avoid creating unnecessary objects　20 item 6: eliminate obsolete object references　24 item 7: avoid finalizers　27 3　methods common to all objects　33 item 8: obey the general contract when overriding equals　33 item 9: always override hashcode when you overrideequals　45 item 10: always override tostring　51 item 11: override clone judiciously　54 item 12: consider implementing comparable　62 4　classes and interfaces　67 item 13: minimize the accessibility of classes and members 67 item 14: in public classes, use accessor methods, not public fields　71 item 15: minimize mutability　73 item 16: favor composition over inheritance　81 item 17: design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it　87 item 18: prefer interfaces to abstract classes　93 item 19: use interfaces only to define types　98 item 20: prefer class hierarchies to tagged classes　100 item 21: use function objects to represent strategies　103 item 22: favor static member classes over nonstatic　106 5　generics　109 item 23: don't use raw types in new code　109 item 24: eliminate unchecked warnings　116 item 25: prefer lists to arrays　119 item 26: favor generic types　124 item 27: favor generic methods　129 item 28: use bounded wildcards to increase api flexibility　134 item 29: consider typesafe heterogeneous containers　142 6　enums and annotations　147 item 30: use enums instead of int constants　147 item 31: use instance fields instead of ordinals　158 item 32: use enumset instead of bit fields　159 item 33: use enummap instead of ordinal indexing　161 item 34: emulate extensible enums with interfaces　165 item 35: prefer annotations to naming patterns　169 item 36: consistently use the override annotation　176 item 37: use marker interfaces to define types　179 7　methods　181 item 38: check parameters for validity ..　181 item 39: make defensive copies when needed　184 item 40: design method signatures carefully　189 item 41: use overloading judiciously　191 item 42: use varargs judiciously　197 item 43: return empty arrays or collections, not nulls　201 item 44: write doc comments for all exposed api elements　203 8　general programming　209 item 45: minimize the scope of local variables　209 item 46: prefer for-each loops to traditional for loops　212 item 47: know and use the libraries　215 item 48: avoid float and double if exact answers are required　218 item 49: prefer primitive types to boxed primitives　221 item 50: avoid strings where other types are more appropriate　224 item 51: beware the performance of string concatenation　227 item 52: refer to objects by their interfaces　228 item 53: prefer interfaces to reflection　230 item 54: use native methods judiciously　233 item 55: optimize judiciously　234 item 56: adhere to generally accepted naming conventions　237 9　exceptions　241 item 57: use exceptions only for exceptional conditions　241 item 58: use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors　244 item 59: avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions　246 item 60: favor the use of standard exceptions　248 item 61: throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction　250 item 62: document all exceptions thrown by each method　252 item 63: include failure-capture information in detail messages　254 item 64: strive for failure atomicity　256 item 65: don't ignore exceptions　258 10　concurrency　259 item 66: synchronize access to shared mutable data　259 item 67: avoid excessive synchronization　265 item 68: prefer executors and tasks to threads　271 item 69: prefer concurrency utilities to wait and notify　273 item 70: document thread safety　278 item 71: use lazy initialization judiciously　282 item 72: don't depend on the thread scheduler　286 item 73: avoid thread groups　288 11　serialization　289 item 74: implement serializable judiciously　289 item 75: consider using a custom serialized form　295 item 76: write readobject methods defensively　302 item 77: for instance control, prefer enum types toreadresolve　308 item 78: consider serialization proxies instead of serialized instances　312 appendix: items corresponding to first edition　317 references　321 index 　327